Whether you’re a local entrepreneur or a foreign investor, this comprehensive 2025 guide will walk you through everything you need to know about how to start a business in Turkey.
Turkey is one of the most attractive countries for entrepreneurs and foreign investors looking to expand into Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Its strategic location, large domestic market, customs union with the EU, and favorable investment policies make it an ideal place to launch a business.
Why Start a Business in Turkey?
Starting a business in Turkey offers numerous advantages:
- Geostrategic Location: Turkey bridges Europe and Asia, giving access to over 1.5 billion customers in surrounding markets.
- Young and Educated Workforce: More than half of the population is under 35, with high literacy and digital skills.
- Government Incentives: Tax advantages, R&D grants, and sector-specific support for startups and foreign investors.
- Developed Infrastructure: Advanced logistics, technology, and telecommunications infrastructure.
With its steadily growing economy and dynamic business environment, Turkey remains a top destination for new ventures in 2025.
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Start a Business in Turkey
1. Choose the Right Business Structure
Turkey offers several types of legal entities. The most common forms for small and medium-sized businesses are:
- Limited Liability Company (Ltd. Şti.): Requires at least one shareholder and a minimum capital of 10,000 TRY.
- Joint Stock Company (A.Ş.): Suitable for larger enterprises, with a minimum capital of 50,000 TRY.
- Branch or Liaison Office: For foreign companies seeking to establish a presence without forming a new legal entity.
In 2025, most entrepreneurs choose a Limited Liability Company for its simplicity and flexibility.
2. Prepare the Required Documents
To register a company in Turkey, you need to prepare the following documents:
- Articles of Association
- Copies of shareholders’ IDs or passports
- Notarized signature declarations
- Proof of registered office address
- Bank deposit slip showing the initial capital (for Joint Stock Companies)
- Power of attorney (if using a legal representative)
All foreign documents must be translated into Turkish and notarized.
3. Register Your Company with MERSIS
MERSIS (Central Registry Record System) is the online platform where company establishment processes are initiated. You must:
- Create a draft Articles of Association via MERSIS
- Reserve the company name
- Apply online for tax registration and trade registry
This system ensures efficiency and helps streamline the startup process.
4. Open a Bank Account
To deposit your company’s initial capital, you’ll need to:
- Open a corporate bank account in a Turkish bank
- Deposit the required minimum capital
- Obtain a bank receipt to present to the Trade Registry Office
Banks may require proof of address and documents translated into Turkish for foreign shareholders.
5. Register with the Trade Registry Office
Submit your company documents to the Chamber of Commerce in the city where your business will operate. After approval:
- Your company will be officially listed in the Turkish Trade Registry Gazette
- You will receive your tax number and registration certificate
- The tax office will assign a tax officer to inspect the premises
Company registration usually takes 1–5 business days after document submission.
Additional Steps After Registration
6. Obtain a Tax Number and VAT Registration
After your company is registered, the tax office will issue a corporate tax ID. If your business is subject to VAT, you must register accordingly. You’ll also be responsible for:
- Monthly and quarterly tax filings
- Payroll tax and social security contributions (if employing staff)
Working with a local accountant is strongly recommended to ensure compliance.
7. Register with the Social Security Institution (SGK)
If you plan to hire employees, you must register with SGK (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu). Turkish labor law mandates that all employees be registered from their first day of work.
8. Apply for Business Licenses or Permits
Some sectors require additional permits or licenses. These may include:
- Food and beverage (from the Ministry of Agriculture)
- Health or pharmaceutical businesses
- Education or private tutoring
- Tourism and accommodation
Be sure to check with relevant authorities or a legal advisor depending on your business activity.
Business Culture and Legal Considerations
Understanding the local business culture is crucial for long-term success. Here are some key tips:
- Hire a local consultant or lawyer: Especially if you’re not fluent in Turkish.
- Build trust through face-to-face meetings: Relationships and trust are highly valued in Turkish business culture.
- Be mindful of bureaucracy: While digitalization is improving, some processes can still be slow and paperwork-heavy.
- Respect holidays and working hours: Be aware of Islamic holidays and national days, as business may slow during those times.
Visa and Residency for Foreign Investors
Foreign nationals can establish a business in Turkey without needing Turkish citizenship. However, if you want to reside in Turkey, you must apply for a residence permit. You may also apply for a work permit or investor visa.
The Turkish Citizenship by Investment Program is another option. If you invest a minimum of 500,000 USD or employ at least 50 Turkish citizens, you may qualify for Turkish citizenship.
Costs of Starting a Business in Turkey
The approximate initial costs in 2025 for opening an LLC are:
- Legal and notary fees: 5,000 – 10,000 TRY
- Accountant services: 2,000 – 5,000 TRY/month
- Registration and publication fees: 2,000 – 4,000 TRY
- Capital deposit: 10,000 TRY (minimum)
Overall, starting a business in Turkey is cost-effective compared to many European countries, making it a great option for entrepreneurs with a moderate budget.
Sectors with High Potential in 2025
Some of the top industries for business in Turkey include:
- Technology and IT Services
- E-commerce and Logistics
- Renewable Energy
- Real Estate and Construction
- Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals
- Tourism and Hospitality
These sectors benefit from government incentives, strong domestic demand, and increasing international interest.
Starting a business in Turkey in 2025 is more accessible than ever, thanks to ongoing reforms, digitized systems, and a pro-investment climate. Whether you’re launching a startup, opening a branch office, or forming a new company, the process is straightforward if you follow the legal steps and cultural expectations.
With the right preparation and local support, your business can thrive in Turkey’s dynamic and diverse economy.